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Points to remember when defrosting manually
* The shape of the package alters the defrosting time. Shallow
rectangular packets defrost more quickly than a deep block.
* Separate pieces as they begin to defrost; free-flow slices
defrost more easily.
* Shield areas of food with small pieces of foil if they start to
become warm. Wooden toothpicks may be used to hold the foil
in place.
* When defrosting, it is better to under-thaw the food slightly and
allow the process to finish during the standing time.
The amount of food
The more food you want to prepare the longer it takes. A rule of
thumb is that double amount of food requires almost double the
time. If one potato takes four minutes to cook, approximately
seven minutes are required to cook two potatoes.
Moisture content:
Because microwaves are attracted to moisture, cooking time will
vary according to water content. Naturally moist foods such as
vegetables, fish and poultry will cook quickly and evenly; drier
foods such as rice or dried beans require added moisture for
microwave cooking.
Condensation:
Humidity and moisture in foods will sometimes cause
condensation on the walls of the oven or inside the door. This is
normal with cooking. Generally, covered foods will cause less
condensation than uncovered foods.
Sugar:
When cooking foods with a high sugar or fat content, such as
Christmas pudding, mince pies and fruit cake follow the
recommended cooking instructions carefully. Exceeding the
recommended cooking times may result in burning of the food
and damage to the oven.
Releasing pressure in foods
Several foods are tightly covered by a skin
or membrane. These foods should be
pricked with a fork or cocktail stick to relieve
the pressure and to prevent bursting, as
steam builds-up within them during cooking.
This applies to jacket potatoes, potatoes,
chicken livers, sausages, egg yolks and
some fruits.
Standing time
Always allow the food to stand for some time
after using the oven. Standing time after
defrosting, cooking/reheating always
improves the result since the temperature
will then be evenly distributed through out
the food.
In a microwave oven foods continue to cook even when the
microwave energy is turned off. They are no longer cooked by
microwaves, but they are still being cooked by the conduction of
the high residual heat to the centre of the food. The length of the
standing time depends on the volume and density of the food.
Sometimes it can be as short as the time it takes you to remove
the food from the oven and take it to the serving table. However,
with larger, denser foods, the standing time may be as long as 10
minutes. The food will finish cooking during this time.
Arranging food
The best results are achieved if the food is evenly distributed on
the plate. This is done in several ways in microwave cooking to
give more even cooking results.
If you are cooking several items of the same
food such as jacket potatoes, place them in a
ring pattern for uniform cooking.
When cooking foods of uneven shapes or
thickness, place the smaller or thinner area of
the food towards the centre of the dish where
it will be heated last.
Uneven foods such as fish should be
arranged in the oven with the tails to the
centre.
If you are saving a meal in the refrigerator or
"plating" a meal for reheating, arrange the
thicker, denser foods to the outside of the
plate and the thinner or less dense foods in
the middle.
Place thin slices of meat on top of each other
or interlace them.
Thicker slices such as meat loaf and
sausages have to be placed close to each
other.
Gravy or sauce should be reheated in a
separate container.
Choose a tall, narrow container rather than a
low and wide container. When reheating gravy,
sauce or soup, do not fill the container more
than 2/3.
When you cook or reheat whole fish,
score the skin - this prevents cracking.
Shield the tail and head with small pieces
of foil to prevent over-cooking but ensure
the foil does not touch the sides of the
oven.
Composition of the food
Food with a lot of fat and sugar will be heated faster than food
containing a lot of water. Fat and sugar will also reach a higher
temperature than water in the cooking process.
The more dense the food, the longer it takes to heat. "Very
dense" food like meat takes longer time to reheat than lighter,
more porous food like bread.
Size and shape
Smaller pieces of food will cook faster than larger pieces and
uniform pieces of food cook more evenly than irregularly shaped
foods. To ensure even cooking, cut all pieces of food into similar
sizes and shapes.
Stirring, turning of foods during cooking
Stirring and turning of foods are techniques used in conventional
as well as in microwave cooking to distribute the heat quickly to
the centre of the dish and avoids over-cooking at the outer edges
of the food. turning foods is especially important here because it
allows for more even cooking. As in conventional cooking, foods
such as roasts need to be elevated so they are not allowed to
steam in their own juices.
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