Bedienungsanleitung Peavy MuseBox (Seite 23 von 24) (Englisch)

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A word about sound synthesis

F - PCM or "Sampling" synthesis

As digital technology became more afforable, digital audio

became more and more prevalent. This also helped create a

new class of synthesis employing the storage of digital

"snapshots" of sound using PCM (pulse code modulation), but

more commonly known as "sampling" synthesizers. A sam-

pling synthesizer captures a real sound by digitizing the

sound and storing it as a waveform, much like a camera stores

an image on a memory card. These waveforms are then used

as the oscillators in the synthesis engine and are processed

much the way an analog synthesizer would with envelopes

and filters.

Many sampling synthesizers store these waveforms in Read

Only Memory or ROM and then "reads" these samples back in

real -time, which is the main technology used in "sound

modules" like the E-mu Proteus. Sampling synthesis is argua-

bly the best way to recreate acoustic instruments such as

pianos and orchestral instruments, providing realism and high

definition, but at the cost of requiring large amounts of

memory to store the sample data. And since the harmonics of

an acoustic instruments vary greatly as they play through

their range, for best realism it is necessary to create a large

number of samples to make up a playable range in an instru-

ment (called Multi-sampling) thus further increasing the

memory requirements. That being said, samplers are used on

nearly every film and TV soundtrack and the technology

remains the premier technology in keyboards to produce

acoustic instruments that are big, expensive, or both. Examples

of famous samplers include The Fairlight CMI, E-mu Systems

Emulator, and Akai S series products. These hardware synthe-

sizers have since been replaced by software versions such as

Native Intruments Kontakt.

G - “Modeling” synthesis

There are two types of Modeling synthesis: analog modeling

that is used to create the sounds of analog oscillators but

using mathemetical routines to simulate the behavior (espe-

cially the non-linearities) of analog synthesizers, and physical

modelling that uses mathematical descriptions of the physical

properties of a particular element of an instrument, say a

string, a pipe, or a struck metal bar, and then using digital

signal processing to manipulate the behavior of the model

over time. Clavia Nordlead & Nordmodular are examples of

analog modeling synths, and physical modelling technology

has found the most success in virtual instrument form in pro-

ducts like Lounge Lizard and Pianoteq.

F - Miscellaneous

Phase distortion Synthesis

This is a synthesis method popularised by Casio synths back in

the 1980s, but is still found in some synthesizers today Phase

Distortion synthesis relies on reproducing the digital wave-

form in a non-linear way. Normally, when you play a digitized

waveform, the digital synth reproduces the data at the inten-

ded rate (eg 44.1kHz). A Phase Distorted system means part of

the data is read at one rate and the remainder at another rate

(eg first half at 22kHz and the second half at 66.2kHz [average

= 44.1kHz]). This varied data-reading changes the waveform.

In theory, you get a brand new waveform, and PD synthesis

gives timbres that sound similar to FM.

Tape Sampler (Chamberlain/Mellotron)

The forerunners of digital samplers, tape-based keyboards

used analog magnetic tapes to reproduce sounds that were

recorded on continuous loops stored in a large bin. These

devices, like the Chamberlain and the Mellotron basically had

a central captstan and a bunch of play heads. Pressing a key

pushed the head against the tape so you would hear the

sound. Each strip of tape had a finite length, so after a few

seconds (7 was typical) the sound would stop as the tape

quickly re-wound to the beginning. Made famous by the

Beatles and embraced enthusiastically by prog rock bands,

Mellotrons that aren't in museums are treasured by collectors

although digital sampling recreations are far more practical

and don't require maintenance!

English 23

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